excerpt from The World of the American Indian, published by the National Geographic Society
(c) 1974, pp. 147-148, 150.
During these years of war and suppression the government made its final repudiation of the nation-to-nation relationship under which tribes had sought to hold the white man's society at arm's length. In 1871 Congress abolished treaty-making powers of the tribes and indicated that the government's public servants could make better decisions for the Indians than Indians could make for themselves. The ultimate devide for fostering dependency had been discovered.
Constricted in their lands, pressed by military forces, many Indians turned to spiritual movements. In the 1870's and '80's the cult of the prophet of Smohalla spread throughout the northwest. A member of the tribe related by language to the Nez Perce, he experienced a vision, then urged a return to Indian wasys, preaching that the white man's exploitation ruined mother earth. "You ask me to plough the ground! Shall I take a knife and tear my mother's bosom? You ask me to dig for stone! Shall I dig under her skin for her bones? ... You ask me to cut grass and make hay and sell it...But how dare I cut off my mother's hair?
...But it was the Ghost Dance ritual of the prophet Wovoka, a young Paiute, that triggered the final bloody crushing of Indian resistance. Wovoka's message, borne from his home in the Nevade desert by disciples, began to sweep across the plains in 1889. Soon village after village of Sioux began to perform his "Ghost Dance" with the promise of a return to old ways in a world from which white would have been erased by a flood.
..."Dance," the prophet said: "everywhere, keep on dancing." This would hasten the day when the world would be renewed, the white man destroyed, the game brought back, and the Indian restored to happiness with all his kin. Because it promised a return of the dead, whites called it the "Ghost Dance."...Whites took the rite for a war dance, not noting that women participated...And they overlooked Wovoka's tenet for the new life: "You must not ...do harm to anyone. You must not fight. Do right always."
...The dancing appalled and frightened whites. One commented, "A more pernicious system of religion could not have been offered to a people...on the threshold of civilization." Another wired Washington, "Indians are dancing in the snow and are wild and crazy...We need protection..."
Army troops fanned out to round up the Ghost dancers and to settle them near their agencies. Among the last to be caught was a group of about 350 Sioux under Big Foot. They were led to a military camp at Wounded Knee Creek. An incident, and cavalry carbines and rapid-fire canons rent the camp. When firing ended...men, women and children lay dead. Others fled or crawled off wounded.
A handful of survivors were taken to shelter in the nearby Pine Ridge Episcopal Mission, still hung with grenery from a Christmas service a few days earlier. The words of Chief Red Cloud serve as an epitaph: "We had begged for life, and the white men thought we wanted theirs."
Evangelison Productions, Inc.
Sunday, March 30, 2014
The Sioux Ghost Dance
Exerpt from Red Man's Religion, by Ruth M. Underhill, (c) 1965, pp. 260-261
“Delegations went to Wowoka, and in the summer of 1890 the
Sioux began dancing. The slow, shuffling circle dance was foreign to them, but
they made it more dramatic by placing a dead cottonwood tree in the center to
be hung with offerings. The cottonwood, the only tall tree of the Plains, was a
symbol of life, ever renewed. Then one of their number began making ghost dance
shirts—long garments of white sheeting decorated with symbols and in red and
with eagle feathers at the elbows. Wowoka had a garment of that sort, which he
had said would turn away any bullet, though he averred that no fighting would
be necessary. Still, more and more men and women wore the white garment. And
more and more fell unconscious during the dance, which might last five days and
nights without stopping. The dreamers recovered to tell how they met the
approaching dead and all sang:
The whole world of the dead is
returning, returning
Our nation is coming, is coming.
The spotted eagle brought us the
message
Bearing the Father’s word-
The word and the wish of the
Father.
Over the glad new earth they are
coming,
Our dead come driving the elk
and the deer.
See them hurrying the herds of
bullalo!
This the Father has promised,
Thus the Father has given.
There were, of course, groups that did not join in the
movement. And there were leaders like old Sitting Bull, medicine man and
rainmaker of the Hunkpapa, who remained undecided even when their followers had
joined. The white agents could not follow such distinctions. They were nervous
and therefore the Indians were nervous. Bands kept moving from place to place
and holding councils. More soldiers came. Newspaper men arrived as they had
never been able to do with earlier prophecies, and the whole country read lurid
reports. One careful investigator avers that the tragedy which developed was “a
newspaper man’s war.” It seems likely that, with better-trained officials and
with the knowledge of social conditions that we have today, there need have
been no tragedy.
But tragedy there was.
…Indians were being searched for weapons and a gun went off.
Then began the massacre, for it was nothing less. Most Indians had been
disarmed long ago and the search produced only a few guns, beside knives and
hatchets used as tools. Without defense, all Big Foot’s people could do is run—toward
the tents or toward a ravine in the distance.
Soldiers and canons were ranged on three sides of them, and some of
these soldiers were survivors from the Custer fight. They rushed among the
fleeing men, women, and children with the battle cry, “Remember Custer!” Some
three hundred Indians were killed or died later of injuries. The whites lost
twenty-nine men, mostly from their own crossfire since the Indians had no weapons…
The Ghost Dance ceased, and with it ceased all hope that the
whites would be conquered or disappear. But contemporaneous with those whom I
have called the “hostile prophets” was the series of visionaries who preached a
new religion of the Indians’ own. It would not destroy the whites but would
reach the Red Men to live in the same world with them, accepting such of their
products, as seemed useful(of course not the enemy alcohol) but receiving
supernatural power through their own visions for their own comfort.
Monday, February 17, 2014
New Projects by Doug Blackmon: Author of Slavery by Another Name
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Friday, January 31, 2014
About Douglas A. Blackmon
Douglas A. Blackmon is the Pulitzer-Prize winning author of Slavery
by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to
World War II, and co-executive producer of the acclaimed PBS documentary of
the same name. His is also a contributing editor at The Washington Post and
chair and host of Forum, a public affairs program produced by the
University of Virginia’s Miller Center and aired on more than 100 PBS
affiliates across the U.S.
His book, a searing examination of
how the enslavement of African-Americans persisted deep into the 20th
century, was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction. The Slavery
by Another Name documentary was broadcast in February 2012 and attracted an
audience of 4.8 million viewers.
Until joining the Washington Post in
2011, Blackmon was the longtime chief of The Wall Street Journal’s Atlanta
bureau and the paper’s Senior National Correspondent. He has written about or
directed coverage of some of the most pivotal stories in American life,
including the election of President Barack Obama, the rise of the tea party
movement and the BP oil spill. Overseeing coverage of 11 southeastern states
for the Journal, he and his team of reporters were responsible for the
Journal’s acclaimed coverage of Hurricane Katrina and the failed federal
response after that disaster, the Journal’s investigation into the training and
preparations of the 9/11 hijackers in Florida, immigration, poverty, politics
and daily reporting on more than 2,500 corporations based in the region.
As a writer and editor at large,
Blackmon more recently led the Journal’s coverage of the tea party and the
final hours before the BP oil spill—for which he and a team of other Journal
writers were finalists for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting.
Those stories received a Gerald Loeb Award in June 2011.
Blackmon has written extensively
over the past 25 years about the American quandary of race–exploring the
integration of schools during his childhood in a Mississippi Delta farm town,
lost episodes of the Civil Rights movement, and, repeatedly, the dilemma of how
a contemporary society should grapple with a troubled past. Many of his stories
in The Wall Street Journal explored the interplay of wealth, corporate conduct,
the American judicial system, and racial segregation. International assignments
have included the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the reunification of East
and West Germany, the Civil War in Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia, post apartheid
South Africa and the international war crimes tribunal in the Hague.
Political assignments have included the inauguration of President Barack
Obama in 2008, presidential campaigns of 1988, 2002, 2008, and 2012, the post
presidency of Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton while governor of Arkansas in the
1980s.
Blackmon is also a co-founder and
board member of two socially and ethnically diverse charter schools serving
more than 600 students, including his own two children, in grades kindergarten
through eight in the inner city of Atlanta.
In addition to the Pulitzer Prize, Slavery
by Another Name was a New York Times bestseller in both hardback and soft
cover editions, and was awarded a 2009 American Book Award, the 2009
Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters non-fiction book prize, a 2008
Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights Book Award, the
NAACP Freedom Fund Outstanding Achievement Award, and many other citations. He
has been honored by the state legislature of Georgia for distinguished
scholarship and service to history. In 2010, he received the Grassroots Justice
Award from the Georgia Justice Project.
The documentary film based on Slavery
by Another Name was directed by distinguished filmmaker Sam Pollard, with
more than $1.5 million in funding from the National Endowment for the
Humanities, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and major corporate sponsors.
Blackmon is a much sought after
lecturer on race, history and social memory. In Spring 2010, he was
invited by Attorney General Eric Holder to present a lecture to senior
Department of Justice of officials in Washington D.C. He also has
lectured at Harvard School of Law, Yale University, Princeton, the New School,
Emory University, Vanderbilt School of Law, the Clinton and Lincoln
presidential libraries, and many other institutions.
The Journal’s coverage of Hurricane
Katrina received a special National Headliner award in 2006. In 2000, the
National Association of Black Journalists honored Blackmon for his stories
revealing the secret role of J.P. Morgan & Co. during the 1960s in
funneling funds to opponents of the Civil Rights Movement.
Prior to his work at The Wall Street
Journal, Blackmon covered race and politics at the Atlanta Journal Constitution
for seven years. His reporting on corruption at Atlanta City Hall in the 1990s
helped lead to the conviction and imprisonment of eight city officials,
including two former councilmen and the city’s chief investment officer.
Slavery by Another Name grew out of his 2001 article on slave labor in The Wall
Street Journal. It revealed the use of forced labor by dozens of U.S.
corporations and commercial interests in coal mines, timber camps, factories
and farms in cities and states across the South, beginning after the Civil War
and continuing until the beginning of World War II.
Janet Maslin wrote in the New York
Times that the book is “relentless and fascinating” and “will now haunt us
all.” New York University Pulitzer Prize winning historian David Levering Lewis
says the book reveals “an America holocaust that dare not speak its name, a
rivetingly written, terrifying history of six decades of racial degradation in
the service of white supremacy.” Bill Moyers called Slavery by Another Name
“brilliant” reporting. Cynthia Tucker, Pulitzer winning editorial page
editor of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution wrote that Slavery by Another Name
“illuminates … an ignominious economic system that depended on coerced labor
and didn’t flinch from savagery toward fellow human beings. Blackmon’s
exhaustive reportage should put an end to the oft-repeated slander that black
Americans tend toward lawlessness.”
Blackmon joined the Journal in
October 1995 as a reporter in Atlanta. Prior to joining the Journal, Blackmon
was a reporter for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution where he covered race and
politics in Atlanta. Previously, he was a reporter for the Arkansas Democrat in
1986-1987, and co-owner and managing editor of the Daily Record from 1987 to
1989, both in Little Rock, Ark.
Raised in Leland, Miss., Blackmon
penned his first newspaper story for the weekly Leland Progress at the age of
12. He received his degree in English from Hendrix College in Conway, Ark.
He lives in downtown Atlanta and Charlottesville, Va.
- See more at:
http://www.slaverybyanothername.com/about-the-author/#sthash.vonaHoil.dpuf
Tuesday, October 22, 2013
Just for Fun: Negotiating With Cats
Negotiating
With Cats
Lessons in Diplomacy &
Passive Resistance
Starring Cosmo
Breed: Maine
Coon Domestic Cat
Age: ~18
months
Weighs: ~17
pounds (and still growing)
Resides in:
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Aspirations:
To Have His Way Diplomatically
Status: Single
Male
Hobbies:
Sleeping, Sunning, Exploring, Eating, Communing With Nature & Sleeping
More
Friends:
Everyone (with possible exception of small human children and crabby old
cats)
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Negotiating
With Cats – starring Cosmo
By Nancy J. Bell
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After being shoo’d away from the laptop on several occasions, Cosmo
began to exert his passive resistance protest to promote his likely chances
of getting close to the computer. In his sleep, next to the computer,
as he began to purr and move slowly, to apparently stretch, he happened to
let just his feet move onto the keyboard. I stopped typing to take a photo,
when the story continued.
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Finding no resistance to his "subtle imposition of space proximity
change," he moved a little more of himself onto the computer keyboard. Still feigning sleep, he continued to relax, as his paws were gently moved over again so I could type.
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Stretching again, he re-exerts his claim on the one corner as he
returned his paws to the keyboard. He is still apparently asleep.
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Cosmo is purring in his apparent sleep and he now works his third and
fourth paw closer to laying on the keyboard.
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Somewhere in his sleep, he changes course to now claim the vicinity
of the mouse, as well as the keyboard. Still, apparently asleep.
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The Jig is up when the compunction to “groom” over-rode his strategy
to appear asleep in his computer take-over.
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As soon as he finished his quick groom, he immediately fell into a
complete slumber, but only after reasserting his subtle re-takeover of the
computer. He didn’t even peek when I laughed at him for pretending sleep.
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Gently, I moved his feet back off the keyboard and he appeared to be
nonplussed about the whole thing. Still sleeping comfortably.
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Not to be deterred, he exerts a simple testing of the waters again
(so soon?) using only one paw this time. Breathing softly, still apparently
“sleeping.”
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When I gently removed the one paw, he lifted his head and was still
giving me “the look” by the time I took his picture again.
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Laying down again, with his back to the computer, he tries a new
strategy. Sweeping his tale back and forth across the keyboard, without
actually landing. He is showing initial signs of being annoyed.
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Moments after closing his eyes again, he stretches out his paw and
brought his tail to rest where it had just swept. “If you sweep it you can
have it” mentality reigning. He is now apparently fast asleep again.
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Cosmo didn’t get a real vote
in the matter, so I removed him once again. Before I could get the camera
back, he fidgeted in his sleep and moved back to his comfortable position.
Unobtrusive as he may have believed this subtle resettling on part of the
computer may have been, we were still at odds.
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The next time I moved him off the keyboard, he apparently wanted to
renew our friendship by moving, this time, onto me. His paw very gently came
to rest on my wrist and as he could find no reason for me rejecting his gesture
of friendship, he began again, to purr softly in his sleep.
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In a selfless gesture, for a cat, he settled on a compromise. He
would be near the keyboard but stopped stretching onto it while I type this.
See? Cats CAN be reasonable!
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Coming Soon!
After getting a glimpse at his own stardom, Negotiation Agreement
With Cosmo Quickly Breaks Down!
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Monday, September 30, 2013
Fight for Freedom
It starts as a feeling
That something's not
right
Then walks in your
mind
While you're up late
at night.
The problems are many,
The solvers too few,
So the work that needs
doing
Starts pointing at
you.
You ask, "Who am
I
Who can bring about
change?
I've my own things to
do
And this world is so
strange..."
Then you think of the
faces
And hurdles
you'll greet
As you work to solve problems--
All the hate you will
meet.
And you just have to
wonder
If it's worth all the
pains,
When by closing your
eyes
You won't see
freedom's stains.
But you know you can't
do it
There is no way at all
'Cause once you have
seen them
You've heard Justice
call.
The song starts out
softly
And travels so slow...
But along come the
others
And soon you will know
That many are willing
To work through the
day
And lift up their
voices
When FREEDOM's held
sway
There can be no
more silence
When hate comes to
stand
In the midst of a
people
Who share the same
land.
Come together to heal!
And grow strong in
what's true!
Join the voices of
others
Who love justice, too.
Hate can't breed us
out
And it can't hold us
down
And it won't stop the
voices
That rise from the
ground
'Cause the land
still remembers
All my brothers who
bled
To fight for our
freedom--
The struggle's not
dead.
When you first have
the feeling
That something's not
right,
Don't just look away,
Take courage and
fight!
'Cause the
hangman keeps coming
To cloud what is
true
If you don't fight for
freedom,,
Who'll fight to save
YOU?
Teach your children to
love,
Help the poor not to
drown
In the sea of
oppression
That keeps people
down.
Keep freedom alive
And continue the Call
'Til the day we say
truly
"There is Justice
for ALL."
--N.J. Bell
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The AWESOME story, The
Hangman, by Maurice Ogden, inspired me as a child (see link below). In the
Civil Rights era of the 70's, we were watching this film on
reel-to reel-projectors, but the truth of it still stands. They say that
freedom is renewed by the blood of patriots, but it also renews by the breath
and deeds of free people. Don't give up the fight!
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